Eshiklar va derazalar binoning birligi va fasad effektining dekorativ ramzi bo'lib, pirovardida binoning xususiyatlarini aks ettiradi. Garchi turli binolar eshik va derazalar dizayni uchun har xil talablarga ega bo'lsa-da, eshik va derazalarning o'lchamlari doimiy ravishda-o'zgarib borsa-da, ba'zi qoidalarni hali ham topish mumkin.
⒈ The door and window facade division should conform to the aesthetic characteristics, and the following factors should be considered in the division design
(1) Bo'linish nisbatini muvofiqlashtirish. Bitta shisha plastinkaga kelsak, tomonlar nisbati imkon qadar oltin nisbatga yaqin bo'lishi kerak va u kvadrat yoki 1: 2 dan ortiq bo'lgan tor to'rtburchaklar shaklida loyihalashtirilmasligi kerak. juda katta yoki juda kichik;
(2) Eshiklar va derazalarning bo'linishi muayyan qoidalar va o'zgarishlarga ega bo'lishi kerak va o'zgarishlarda qoidalarni izlash; bo'linmalarning chiziqlari zichlik darajasiga ega; teng masofalar va o'lchamlarning bo'linishi qat'iylik, tantanavorlik va jiddiylikni ko'rsatadi; Bo'linish ritm, jonlilik va dinamizmni ko'rsatadi;
(3) Xuddi shu xonaning eshiklari va derazalari va bir xil devorning hech bo'lmaganda gorizontal bo'linish chiziqlari iloji boricha bir xil gorizontal chiziqda bo'lishi kerak va vertikal chiziqlar iloji boricha tekislanishi kerak;
⑷When designing the facade of doors and windows, the overall effect requirements of the building should be considered, such as the contrast between the virtual and the real, the light and shadow effects, and the symmetry of the building.
⒉ Optional color of doors and windows (including the color of glass and profiles)
Eshiklar va derazalarning rangini tanlash binoning yakuniy ta'sirining muhim qismidir. Eshiklar va derazalarning rangi binoning xususiyatlariga mos kelishi kerak. Rangni aniqlashda uni me'mor, egasi va boshqa tomonlar bilan kelishish kerak.
⒊Personalized design of doors and windows
Mijozlarning turli sevimli mashg'ulotlari va estetik qarashlariga ko'ra, eshik va deraza fasadlarining noyob shakllarini loyihalash mumkin.
⒋The permeability of doors and windows
Ko'rish chizig'ini to'sib qo'ymaslik uchun asosiy ko'rish joyining ko'rish balandligi (taxminan 1,5 m dan 1,8 m gacha) doirasida eshik va derazalarning jabhasiga gorizontal ramkalar va vertikal ramkalar o'rnatmaslik yaxshiroqdir. Ba'zi eshiklar va derazalar yuqori yorug'lik o'tkazuvchanligiga ega oynadan foydalanishi yoki tashqi manzarani ko'rish uchun qulay bo'lgan katta ochiq ko'rish maydonini talab qilishi kerak.
⒌Lighting and ventilation of doors and windows
Eshik va derazalarning ventilyatsiya maydoni va harakatlanuvchi fanatlar soni binolarni ventilyatsiya qilish talablariga javob berishi kerak; shu bilan birga, eshik va derazalarning yorug'lik maydoni ham "Binolarni yoritishni loyihalash standartlari" (GB/T50033-2{{14}) talablariga javob berishi kerak. }01) va me'moriy loyiha chizmalarining talablari. “Jamoat binolari uchun energiyani tejaydigan dizayn standartlari” (GB 50189-2005) ning 4.2.4-moddasi-devor maydoniga nisbati binoning tashqi oynalarining har bir yo'nalishi 0,70 dan oshmasligi kerak. Deraza-devor maydoni nisbati 0,40 dan kam bo'lsa, oynaning ko'rinadigan yorug'lik o'tkazuvchanligi 0,4 dan kam bo'lmasligi kerak.
Eshik va deraza xavfsizligi dizayni
Klassik uslubdagi alyuminiy qotishma eshik va derazalar
Klassik uslubdagi alyuminiy qotishma eshik va derazalar
⒈The wall thickness of aluminum profiles for doors and windows requires that the wall thickness of aluminum profiles for windows conform to the current national standard high-precision grade, and the minimum wall thickness of the stressed components is Greater than or equal to 1.4mm.
⒈ The force-bearing rods of doors and windows (such as the light hook of sliding window, the central column, the sliding with light, the sliding with light, the double front, etc.) must undergo strict compression calculation. Thickness should be selected by calculation according to usage conditions. The stress components of aluminum alloy doors and windows shall be determined by test or calculation.
⒉ Door and window glass safety design
(1) Shishani tanlash: Shisha qalinligi hisoblash yo'li bilan aniqlanadi va 5 mm dan kam bo'lmasligi kerak. Binoning quyidagi qismlarida eshik va derazalar uchun xavfsizlik oynasi (temperli shisha yoki laminatlangan shisha) ishlatilishi kerak:
(a) 7 va undan yuqori qavatli binolardan tashqarida derazalarni ochish;
b) 1,5 kvadrat metrdan ortiq maydonga ega oyna oynasi;
(c) oynaning pastki cheti oxirgi pardozlash yuzasidan 500 mm dan kam masofada joylashgan poldan shiftgacha boʻlgan derazalar;
d) gorizontaldan 75 darajadan kam burchakka ega qiyalik oynalar va ichki qavatdan 3 m dan ortiq qiyalik tomlari;
(e) shisha maydoni 0,5 kvadrat metrdan ortiq bo'lgan ramkali oynali eshiklar;
(f) ramkasiz shisha eshik qalinligi kamida 10 mm bo'lgan temperli shishadan yasalgan bo'lishi kerak.
(2) Shisha va tirqish va boshqa mos o'lchamlar o'rtasidagi bir-birining ustiga chiqishi "Alyuminiy qotishma oynasi" (GB/T 8479) 5-jadval va 6-jadval qoidalariga mos kelishi kerak.
(3) Shisha va alyuminiy qotishma ramka oluklari rezina qistirmalari bilan moslashuvchan aloqada bo'lishi kerak.
⑷The glass should be subjected to mechanical edging treatment, and the mesh number of the grinding wheel should be more than 180 meshes.
⒊The selection and design of hardware accessories.
(1) Uskuna aksessuarlarini tanlashda kafolatlangan sifatga ega mahsulotlarni tanlashga harakat qiling. Uskuna aksessuarlarining sifat darajasi eshik va derazalarning sifat darajasiga mos kelishi kerak. Uskuna aksessuarlarining tuzilishi va shakli profillarga mos kelishi kerak. Rang uyg'un va chiroyli, funktsiya to'g'ri va operatsiya moslashuvchan. , O'rnatish oson.
(2) Uskuna aksessuarlarini o'rnatish to'liq, standartlashtirilgan, ishonchli va aniq bo'lishi kerak. O'rnatishdan so'ng, eshik va derazalar chiroyli ko'rinishga ega, moslashuvchan va ochish uchun qulay, deformatsiya, to'siq va to'qnashuvlarsiz.
(3) Uskuna aksessuarlarining ochiq mahkamlagichlari zanglamaydigan po'latdan yasalgan mahsulotlardan foydalanishi kerak.
(4) Korpusli eshiklar va derazalar, katta surma eshiklar va derazalar bir nechta qulflash nuqtalari bilan yopilishi kerak, aks holda salbiy bosim farqi ta'sirida havo o'tkazuvchanligi sezilarli darajada kamayadi. Ishlashning qulayligini hisobga olgan holda, ko'p-qulflash nuqtasi tutqichlari yoki aktuatorlardan foydalanish yaxshidir.
⑸ The length of the sliding brace of the casement window is generally 2/3 of the width of the window sash. If the window sash is lighter, it can be 1/2. The length of the sliding brace of the upper-hung window is generally 1/2 of the window sash.
⑹For typhoon areas and high-rise buildings to open windows, it is recommended to use sliding braces for window sash installation, and no or less hinges are used.
⒋The overlap between the sliding door and window sash and the upper and lower frame guide rails should not be less than 10mm, and safety measures such as anti-fall blocks and anti-collision blocks must be installed to prevent the sash from falling and colliding and hurting people when it is opened.
⒌The height of the lower frame of the glass window movable fan on the exterior wall of the building should not be less than 900mm from the indoor ground. Under special circumstances, if it is less than 900mm, other protective safety measures (such as adding protective railings, etc.) should be taken.
⒍The screws and bolts used for the connection and fixation of aluminum alloy doors and windows must be made of high-quality stainless steel to prevent the screws from loosening due to galvanic corrosion. Stainless steel screws should be made of machine-made threads as much as possible, and self-tapping screws should be avoided as much as possible.
⒎ Doors and windows should be reliably connected and fixed with the wall
Eshiklar va derazalar va devorlar o'rtasidagi ulanish usullari asosan po'latdan yasalgan ramka aloqasi, dovetail temir oyoqli payvandlash aloqasi, ko'milgan qismlarga ega bo'lgan temir oyoq aloqasi, sobit po'lat plitalar mixlash aloqasi, sobit po'lat plitalar metall kengaytirish murvat aloqasi va boshqalarni o'z ichiga oladi. Temir oyoqlarning qalinligi 3 mm dan katta yoki teng bo'lishi kerak. Ruxsat etilgan po'lat plitalarning qalinligi 1,5 mm dan katta yoki unga teng, kengligi esa 15 mm dan katta yoki teng. Barcha qoziq oyoqlari va mahkamlangan po'lat yuzalar issiq galvanizli-bo'lishi kerak. Eshiklar va derazalarning sobit nuqtalari orasidagi masofa odatda 300 mm dan 500 mm gacha va 500 mm dan oshmasligi kerak.
(1) Chelik biriktirilgan ramka eshiklar va derazalar va turli devorlar o'rtasidagi ulanish uchun javob beradi, yuqori o'rnatish aniqligi va ishonchli ulanishi bilan, lekin narxi yuqori.
(2) Eshiklar va derazalar va po'lat konstruktsiya o'rtasidagi aloqa temir oyoqli temir oyoqlari bilan payvandlanishi mumkin va po'latdan yasalgan temir oyoq va po'lat konstruktsiya o'rtasidagi aloqa po'lat panjara yoki po'lat burchak kodlarini payvandlash orqali sozlanishi.
(3) Eshiklar va derazalar va yorug'lik devori o'rtasidagi aloqa dovetail temir oyoqlari va ko'milgan qismlar o'rtasida payvandlash aloqasi usulini qo'llashi kerak va dovetail temir oyoqlari va ko'milgan qismlar po'lat panjara yoki po'lat burchak bilan payvandlash orqali sozlanishi kerak. kodlari.
⑷The connection between doors and windows and reinforced concrete walls can be connected with fixed steel sheets (or dovetail iron feet) or metal expansion bolts. When using fixed steel sheets to connect fixed doors and windows, the gap between the frame around the door and the wall and the wall should be plugged with cement mortar. Cement mortar plug joints can connect the outer frame of doors and windows to the wall firmly and reliably, and play an important role in strengthening the frame materials of doors and windows. When the gap is filled with polyurethane foam caulk or other flexible materials, the fixed steel sheet should be replaced with dovetail iron feet to ensure the reliability of the connection between doors and windows and walls.
⑸The connection between the doors and windows and the brick wall can be connected by metal expansion bolts with fixed steel sheets (or dovetail iron feet). It is strictly forbidden to use nails to fix doors and windows on brick walls. Like reinforced concrete walls, when using fixed steel sheets, the gaps should be plugged with cement mortar, and when the gaps are filled with polyurethane foam sealants or other flexible materials, they should be fixed with dovetail iron feet.
Suv o'tkazmaydigan muhr dizayni
⒈Minimum control index of watertight performance of aluminum alloy doors and windows
Alyuminiy qotishma eshik va derazalarning suv o'tkazmasligining minimal ko'rsatkichi quyidagi formula bo'yicha olinishi mumkin va kamida 150 Pa (ya'ni alyuminiy qotishma eshik va derazalarning suv o'tkazmasligi 2-darajali ko'rsatkichdan past bo'lishi mumkin emas):
P=kμzμswo
Formulada P: suv o'tkazmasligining dizayn qiymati (Pa);
wo: basic wind pressure (N/㎡);
μz: wind pressure height variation coefficient;
μs: body shape coefficient, preferably 1.2;
k: koeffitsient, k ning qiymati qirg'oqbo'yi tropik bo'ron va tayfunli hududlarda {0}},3, boshqa joylarda 0,25.
⒉ Door and window structure waterproof design
(1) Izobarik bosim printsipi alyuminiy qotishma eshiklari va derazalarining strukturaviy dizaynida faol qo'llaniladi, bu eshik va derazalarning suv o'tkazmaydigan va muhrlanish ko'rsatkichlarini yaxshilashning eng samarali usuli hisoblanadi.
(2) Harakatlanuvchi kamar va deraza ramkasi o'rtasidagi qoplama juda kichik bo'lmasligi kerak va oyna oynasining harakatlanuvchi kamar va deraza ramkasi orasidagi qoplama 6 mm dan kam bo'lmasligi kerak.
(3) Koʻp qavatli binolar, sovuq joylar va energiyani tejash talabi yuqori boʻlgan-binolar uchun korpusli eshik va derazalar tuzilishini qoʻllashga harakat qiling va toymasin eshik va derazalardan kamroq yoki umuman ishlatmang. Sürgülü kamar va yuqori va pastki surma relslari o'rtasida katta bo'shliq mavjud bo'lgani uchun va ikkita qo'shni kamar bir xil tekislikda bo'lmaganligi sababli, ikkita kamar o'rtasida muhrlanish va bosish kuchi mavjud emas va faqat tepaliklar bir-biriga yopishish uchun ishlatiladi. va bir-birining ustiga chiqadi va tepaliklar o'rtasida bo'shliqlar mavjud va muhrlanish effekti juda zaif, shuning uchun toymasin eshiklar va derazalarning suv o'tkazmaydigan muhrlanishi juda yomon. Qopqoqli eshiklar va derazalar panjara va deraza romlari o'rtasida 2 dan 3 gacha muhrlangan kauchuk chiziqlar bilan ta'minlangan. Kanat yopilgandan va qulflangandan so'ng, muhrlangan kauchuk chiziqlar juda qattiq bosiladi va o'rta bo'shliq izobarik bo'shliqni hosil qilish oson, shuning uchun u mukammal muhrlanish ko'rsatkichlariga ega dizayn eshiklari va derazalari bo'lishi mumkin.
⑷The aluminum alloy glass pressing line of the glass for doors and windows should be designed in the indoor direction to avoid water seepage in the fine gap between the glass pressing line and the window frame.
⑸ Push-pull type doors and windows should be designed with a high enough water baffle on the indoor side, otherwise when the outdoor rainwater has a certain pressure, the rainwater will flow into the room through the water baffle.
⑹The upper part of the movable fan of doors and windows should be provided with a water drape, and the lower part should be provided with a drainage hole.
⑺ Combined doors and windows should minimize the exposed joints, because the small gaps cannot be sealed with sealant and leakage occurs. When the exposed seam cannot be avoided due to structural reasons, the two contact surfaces of the profiles at the seam will form a 90 degree angle, which is convenient for sealing with sealant.